Adam Smith Institute Report on Fairtrade – a response

 

1.       Fairtrade is a marketing exercise  

 

Fairtrade is more than just a marketing exercise. It is a reminder to us all of the impact of global poverty in today’s world and the need to engage with trade justice issues.

 

The “hype” surrounding Fairtrade Fortnight, for example, is both a reflection of its continuing success and of the need to remind people of the differences between the ethical brands available for the same product. For example, in March 2008, just after the end of Fairtrade Fortnight, PG Tips announced that all its tea plantations will have Rainforest Alliance certification. Does it make a difference if you choose PG Tips with Rainforest Alliance certification rather than Sainsbury’s own blend tea with Fairtrade certification?   

 

Fairtrade remains unique amongst ethical brands in ensuring farmers a price for their crops that covers the cost of sustainable production, a premium for investment in future improvements and support for small-farmer organisations that enable them to compete more effectively in global markets. This is one of the reasons why Fairtrade is backed by charities such as Christian Aid, Tearfund, CAFOD, the World Development Movement and Oxfam.

 

Last year the Government reviewed the UK fair trade industry in detail. It was recognised in the recommendations to the 2007 Report of the UK Government Select Committee on International Development, that the Fairtrade model represents a “gold standard” in terms of trading relations with producers.

http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmselect/cmintdev/356/35602.htm

 

  

2.       Fair trade is unfair

 

Few people can be in any doubt that the imposition by the developed world of free trade principles on developing countries is unfair. Two billion people across the world still earn less than US$2 per day.  

 

Currently, over 7 million farmers and their families benefit from Fairtrade, and each year this number increases as more producers and products are certified. There is no evidence given in the Adam Smith Report that Fairtrade producers benefit at the cost of the other producers outside the system; merely assumptions by two economists that this will be the inevitable conclusion. Anecdotal evidence from Fairtrade producers seems to indicate that the opposite effect occurs and farmers in the surrounding areas benefit from the introduction of Fairtrade certification, but further detailed research is required here.

 

The statement that the Fairtrade model “rewards inefficient farmers who produce poor quality goods” is not backed up by any research or statistics, and simply conflicts with the high level of quality that is now found in many Fairtrade products.

 

Fairtrade clearly has a long way to go and is by no means perfect. However, buying products with the Fairtrade Mark, enables consumers to choose products that help start to address the injustices of our current trading system.

 

3.       Fairtrade farmers predominate in relatively developed countries like Mexico and not places like Ethiopia

 

First, the coffee-producing regions in Mexico are some of the poorest in Central America. Second, anyone who has seen the film “Black Gold” will know that Fairtrade works through partnerships with thousands of small coffee farmers across Ethiopia to improve their lives.

 

 

4.       Fairtrade does not aid economic development  

 

Again, anecdotal evidence from the Fairtrade would seem to tell a very different story of the opportunities afforded to producers both to improve their lives with healthcare and education for their families and to diversify and improve their businesses. The Fairtrade premium …..the Fairtrade premium, an additional sum for community development, has been used by farmers’ groups to build schools, provide clean drinking water, pay for sickness benefit and pilot organic conversion schemes to help farmers work for the future. The farmers decided how the premium is used, thereby keeping control over the future of their communities.

 

5.       Fairtrade only helps landowners  

 

Factually wrong as it works with co-operatives but also sets conditions for workers on plantations. It does not yet reach the very poorest (this was identified in the Government Select Committee Report referred to above) but this has been identified as an area that needs to be developed.

 

 

6.       Most Fairtrade produce ends up in non fairtrade goods 

 

This is because there are simply not enough people buying Fairtrade yet. So your jar of Nescafe may contain coffee from a fairtrade co-operative, but the growers could not yet find a fairtrade buyer for all  their crop. This is the workings of the free trade market which the Institute upholds.

 

7.       Only 10% of the premium goes to the producer

 

This is factually untrue; the Fairtrade premium is returned in its entirety to the producer. The report is attempting to imply that only 10% of the retail price at which the product is sold in the shops, over which the Fairtrade Foundation has no control.

 

 

8.       Fairtrade came out of a government-engineered coffee crisis in the 1990’s and coffee prices have been relatively stable in the last few years  

 

The Black Gold film sets the record straight on these issues. The world price of coffee is entirely out of the control (and knowledge) of the farmers and therefore a fairtrade minimum price is the only way they will be able to continue to produce their crop.

 

Fair-trade brings other benefits, not least chocolate, which bringsguarantees that it is not produced by trafficked children on the Ivory Coast

 

9.       Free trade is the most effective poverty reduction strategy the world has ever seen

 

It seems very surprising that anyone would hold this view. The World Bank and the IMF have pursued vigorous policies of freeing up world markets in the last 50 years and continuing high levels of global poverty have resulted. The two billion people still living on less than US$2 per day demonstrate that the way free trade principles are applied has not worked for the poor at all.  The concluding statement – “fair trade is unfair, but free trade makes you rich” sums up the rather simplistic approach the report seems to have taken to some very complex issues.

 

The relative success of the tiger economies of China and India, does not compensate for the massive macro-economic limitations suffered by so many African countries which will never be able to trade their way out of poverty.

 

Given the absolute resistance of the United States to lowering its own significant domestic subsidies to home-grown industries such as cotton. and the intransigence shown by all sides at the World Trade Organisation talks, Fairtrade seems to be the only way ahead for the consumer to show that ethical purchasing matters in today’s world.